Use of micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) to diagnose transplant rejection and tolerance of immunosuppression therapy

A method for detecting or predicting transplant rejection of a transplanted liver in a subject being administered a dose of an immunosuppressant, the method comprising:

• i) determining a level of expression of hsa-miR-483-5p (SEQ ID NO:
• 3), hsa-miR-885-5p (SEQ ID NO:
• 4) and hsa-miR-122-5p (SEQ ID NO:
• 5) in a sample from the subject wherein the sample is selected from the group consisting of blood, plasma and serum;
• ii) comparing the level of expression of hsa-miR-483-5p (SEQ ID NO:
• 3), hsa-miR-885-5p (SEQ ID NO:
• 4) and hsa-miR-122-5p (SEQ ID NO:
• 5) in the sample from the subject relative to a baseline level in a control wherein an increase in the level of expression in the sample from the level of the at least one miRNA in the control is indicative of an acute transplant rejection;
• iii) wherein when acute transplant rejection is indicated, the rejection is treated by increasing the dose of the immunosuppressant;
• and
• iv) wherein when acute transplant rejection is not indicated in step ii., decreasing or minimizing the dose of the immunosuppressant.