Limited conduction heat retaining materials

An article of clothing comprising:

• a base material having a moisture vapor transfer rate (MVTR) of at least 2000 g/m2/24 h (JIS 1099 A1);
• and
• a foam-based spacer material coupled to the first side of the base material, the foam-based spacer material defining an innermost surface of the article of clothing and configured to face a wearer of the article of clothing when the article of clothing is worn, wherein the foam-based spacer material is positioned between the base material and the wearer of the article of clothing when the article of clothing is worn;
• a plurality of heat-reflecting elements, wherein at least one of the plurality of heat-reflecting elements is at least partially between the foam-based spacer material and the base material, wherein the foam-based spacer material is an array of discrete elements coupled with the base material and wherein the foam-based spacer material comprises a closed-cell foam to enhance heat-retention of the article of clothing.