Transparent conductive layer, transparent conductive sheet, touch sensor, light control element, photoelectric conversion element, heat ray control member, antenna, electromagnetic wave shield member, and image display device

A laminate comprising:

• a substrate sheet or a functional layer;
• and a transparent conductive layer,
• wherein the transparent conductive layer includes a first main surface which is exposed to atmosphere, and a second main surface opposite to the first main surface in a thickness direction and in direct contact with one surface in the thickness direction of the substrate sheet or functional layer,
• the transparent conductive layer is a single continuous layer extending in a plane direction perpendicular to the thickness direction,
• the transparent conductive layer has a grain boundary in which two end edges in a cross-sectional view are open to the first main surface, and an intermediate region between both end edges is not in contact with the second main surface,
• the transparent conductive layer has a first crystal grain partitioned by the grain boundary and facing only the first main surface,
• the substrate sheet consists of at least one selected from the group consisting of polyester resin, (meth)acrylic resin, olefin resin, polycarbonate resin, polyether sulfone resin, polyarylate resin, melamine resin, polyamide resin, polyimide resin, cellulose resin, polystyrene resin, and norbornene resin, and
• the functional layer includes an organic material.