Liquid crystal on silicon panel with electrically-conductive adhesive

A liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) panel, comprising:

• a first portion, comprising:
• a backplane with an electrical contact and a plurality of pixel electrodes formed in the backplane;
• and
• a first alignment layer disposed on the backplane and interfacing with the electrical contact;
• a second portion, comprising:
• a conductive layer that is light transmissive;
• and
• a second alignment layer disposed on the conductive layer;
• a plurality of spacer beads in a non-electrically-conductive adhesive,
• wherein the non-electrically-conductive adhesive forms a wall between the first portion and the second portion, and the plurality of spacer beads defines a gap between the first portion and the second portion;
• a liquid crystal fluid inside of the wall between the first portion and the second portion and surrounded by the wall,
• wherein the plurality of pixel electrodes are aligned with the liquid crystal fluid;
• and
• a plurality of beads in an electrically-conductive adhesive between the first portion and the second portion outside of the wall,
• wherein the electrical contact is aligned with the plurality of beads,
• wherein electrically-conductive particles within the electrically-conductive adhesive make the electrically-conductive adhesive electrically-conductive,
• wherein sizes of the electrically-conductive particles are smaller than sizes of the plurality of beads,
• wherein a first set of the electrically-conductive particles, aligned with one or more of the plurality of beads, puncture the first alignment layer to contact the electrical contact and a second set of the electrically-conductive particles, aligned with one or more of the plurality of beads, puncture the second alignment layer to contact the conductive layer, and
• wherein an electrical connection of the electrical contact and the conductive layer is via a plurality of the electrically-conductive particles.