Planting trench closing systems, methods, and apparatus

A closing wheel assembly for a row unit having a row unit subframe, the closing wheel assembly comprising:

• a closing wheel subframe;
• a vertical pivot configured to mount the closing wheel subframe to the row unit subframe;
• a pair of pivot arms mounted to the closing wheel subframe, wherein a first pivot arm is mounted to a first side of the closing wheel subframe at a forward end of the first pivot arm, and wherein a second pivot arm is mounted to a second side of the closing wheel subframe at a forward end of the second pivot arm;
• a pair of closing wheels, each rollingly mounted to a rearward end of a respective pivot arm;
• and
• a soil-loosening assembly disposed to loosen soil adjacent to a planting trench, wherein the soil-loosening assembly comprises a first disc on a first side of the closing wheel subframe and a second disc on a second side of the closing wheel subframe, and wherein the first and second discs are disposed substantially parallel to sidewalls of the planting trench.