Methods and compositions for substance use disorder vaccine formulations and uses thereof

A method of stimulating an immune response to methamphetamine, comprising:

• immunizing an animal by administering to the animal a conjugate comprising one or more compounds having a general formula:
• wherein
• R1 is —(O—CH2—CH2)p—, wherein p is 1 to 6, or R1 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, wherein substitution(s) are independently selected from the group consisting of —NO2, —NH2, —OH, ═O, —COOR′ where R′ is H or lower alkyl, —CH2OH, and —CONH2,
• R2 is peptide of m amino acid residues, an alkylene oxide of m alkylene oxide monomers, or (CH2)m, where m=2 to 6;
• and
• R3 is selected from the group consisting of a protected or unprotected maleimide, alkyl halide, aryl halide, alpha-haloacyl, pyridyl disulfide, aldehyde, ketone, carboxyl, thiol, thioester, disulfide, N-hydroxy-succinimide, or cyclic thiolactone,
• or salts thereof, wherein the one or more compounds or salts thereof are covalently bound through R3 on the compound(s) to a corresponding coupling site on a protein, polypeptide, detectable label, nucleic acid, or solid phase to provide the conjugate.