Surrogate for concrete curb

A surrogate for a concrete curb for use in vehicle testing, the surrogate comprising:

• a body configured to have a size and a shape that is substantially the same as a size and a shape as a body of a concrete curb, the body including a core and a skin attached to the core, the core including a foam material, the skin covering at least a portion of the core, the skin including at least three layers, the at least three layers including:
• a first layer including a mixture of paint and cement, the first layer being an outermost layer of the at least three layers;
• a second layer including a conductive material;
• and
• an intermediate layer located between the first layer and the second layer.

A surrogate for a concrete curb for use in vehicle testing, the surrogate comprising:

• a body configured to have a size and a shape that is substantially the same as a size and a shape as a body of a concrete curb, the body having a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape with four corners, at least one of the corners being rounded, the body including a core and a skin attached to the core, the core including a foam material, the skin covering at least a portion of the core, the skin including at least three layers, the at least three layers including:
• a first layer, the first layer being an outermost layer of the at least three layers, the first layer including concrete colored paint and a chemical component of Portland cement;
• a second layer, the second layer being an innermost layer of the at least three layers, the second layer including at least one of:
• a conductive fabric, a conductive film, and conductive foam;
• and
• an intermediate layer located between the first layer and the second layer, the intermediate layer including a nonmetallic fabric.