Antenna array having antenna elements with integrated filters

A phased array antenna comprising:

• a plurality of antenna elements, each antenna element comprising:
• a radiating element, each radiating element being a planar metallic patch radiator;
• a ground element adjacent to the radiating element, each ground element being a planar metallic ground patch;
• and
• a resonator coupled to the radiating element through the ground element, the phased array antenna having a scan angle at least partially determined by a size of the resonator, wherein
• each resonator comprises a planar metallic resonator patch within a metallic enclosure, the planar metallic resonator patch having a length and a width;
• a first grid spacing in a first dimension of the phased array antenna is limited by the length;
• a second grid spacing in a second dimension of the phased array antenna is limited by the width;
• the scan angle in a first orientation is at least partially determined by the first grid spacing;
• and
• the scan angle in a second orientation is at least partially determined by the second grid spacing, further wherein
• each planar metallic resonator patch has an input port and each antenna element is configured to radiate, when an electromagnetic signal is applied to the input port, electromagnetic energy from the planar metallic patch radiator in accordance with a filter transfer function from the input port through the planar metallic patch radiator to free space,
• the filter transfer function determined at least in part by a distance between the planar metallic patch radiator and the planar metallic resonator patch.