10H-phenothiazine ferroptosis inhibitor as well as the preparative method and the use thereof

A compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a solvate thereof:

• wherein,
• when the dotted line is a bond,
• R1 is selected from 3-10 membered saturated cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered unsaturated cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered saturated heterocyclic group, and 3-10 membered unsaturated heterocyclic group, all of which are substituted by m R2, with m being an integer of 0-5;
• R2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted 3-10 membered saturated cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-10 membered saturated heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted 3-10 membered unsaturated cycloalkyl, carbazolyl, amino, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, halogen, —C(O)OR51, —N(H)C(O)R51, —C(O)R51, —S(O)(O)R51, and —C(O)N(H)R51;
• R51 is selected from H, C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl, amino, substituted or unsubstituted 3-10 membered unsaturated cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-10 membered saturated heterocyclic group, and —NR52R53;
• R52 and R53 are each independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted 5-10 membered saturated heterocyclic groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted 3-8 membered saturated cycloalkyl;
• wherein, in R1, R2, R51, R52, and R53, a substituent of the alkyl is selected from halogen and substituted or unsubstituted 4-10 membered saturated heterocyclic group;
• a substituent of the alkoxyl is selected from halogen and 3-10 membered unsaturated cycloalkyl;
• a substituent of the saturated cycloalkyl is C1-C8 alkyl;
• a substituent of the unsaturated cycloalkyl is C1-C8 alkyl;
• a substituent of the saturated heterocyclic group is C1-C8 alkyl;
• the unsaturated heterocyclic group comprises one or two heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S;
• the saturated heterocyclic group comprises one or two heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S;
• and
• wherein, when the dotted line is none,
• R1 is selected from 3-10 membered unsaturated cycloalkyl, benzo(3-8 membered saturated)heterocyclic group, benzo(3-8 membered unsaturated)heterocyclic group, anthryl, 3-10 membered unsaturated heterocyclic group, and 3-10 membered saturated cycloalkyl, all of which are substituted by n R3, n being an integer of 0-5, or R1 is —S(O)(O)R1′, with the proviso that n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 when R1 is a 3-10 membered unsaturated cycloalkyl;
• R3 is selected from halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted 3-10 membered unsaturated cycloalkyl, phenoxyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-10 membered saturated heterocyclic group, substituted C1-C8 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkoxy, —C(O)OR51, —N(H)C(O)R51, and —NR22R53;
• R1′ is selected from 3-10 membered saturated heterocyclic group, 3-10 membered saturated cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered unsaturated cycloalkyl, and 3-10 membered unsaturated heterocyclic group, all of which are substituted by p R4, with p being an integer of 0-5;
• R4 is selected from hydroxyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl, —C(O)R51, —N(H)C(O)OR51, —S(O)(O)R51,_—C(O)OR51, substituted or unsubstituted 3-10 membered unsaturated heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted 3-10 membered saturated heterocyclic group, and substituted or unsubstituted 3-10 membered unsaturated cycloalkyl;
• R51 is selected from C1-C10 alkyl, amino, 3-8 membered saturated heterocyclic group, and benzo(3-8 membered saturated)heterocyclic group;
• R52 and R53 are each independently selected from 3-10 membered unsaturated cycloalkyl, and C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl;
• wherein, in R1, R2, R51, R52, or R53, a substituent of the alkyl is selected from halogen, benzo(5-10 membered saturated)heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted 3-10 membered unsaturated cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered saturated heterocyclic group, hydroxyl, —N(H)C(O)OR51, —C(O)R51, and —NR52R53;
• a substituent of the alkoxyl is selected from 3-10 membered unsaturated cycloalkyl and halogen;
• a substituent of the unsaturated cycloalkyl is selected from halogen, C1-C6 alkoxyl, cyano, nitro, and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl;
• a substituent of the saturated heterocyclic group is C1-C8 alkyl;
• a substituent of the unsaturated heterocyclic group is C1-C8 alkyl;
• the saturated heterocyclic group comprises one or two heteroatoms selected from O, N, and S;
• and
• the unsaturated heterocyclic group comprises one or two heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S.