Catalyst systems

Abstract

Catalyst systems suitable for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene may include a catalyst including a reaction product of a chromium compound and a ligand having the structure according to Formula (II). In Formula (II), A and C may be independently chosen from phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and nitrogen; B may be a linking group between A and C; and R1, R2, R3, and R4 may be independently chosen from a (C1-C50) hydrocarbyl or a (C1-C50) heterohydrocarbyl. The catalyst system may include a co-catalyst including a reaction product of an organoaluminum compound and an antifouling compound. The antifouling compound may include one or more quaternary salts; one or more organic acids, organic acid salts, esters, anhydrides, or combinations of these; one or more chlorinated hydrocarbons, chloro-aluminum alkyls, or combinations of these; one or more polyether alcohols; or one or more non-polymeric ethers.

Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.