Methods of making a specimen with a predetermined wrinkle defect

A method of making a specimen with a predetermined wrinkle defect, the steps comprising:

• orienting a composite material around a layup tool at a wrap angle to form a closed loop;
• generating at least one wrinkle with a predetermined characteristic in a portion of the dosed loop to form the specimen with a stretcher including an actuating mechanism in mechanical communication with a first arm and a second arm;
• the step of generating at least one wrinkle including positioning the first arm and the second arm in the closed loop;
• and moving at least one of the first arm and the second arm sufficient to form at least one wrinkle in the closed loop;
• prior to a curing step, removing the first arm and the second arm from the closed loop;
• and
• after the steps of generating the at least one wrinkle and removing the first arm and the second arm from the closed loop, curing the specimen;
• wherein the predetermined characteristic is at least one of the following:
• wrinkle location, an outward wrinkle, an inward wrinkle, a wrinkle width, a wrinkle height, and a wrinkle length.