Hyperspectral imaging with minimal area monolithic image sensor

A system comprising:

• an emitter that emits a plurality of pulses of electromagnetic radiation;
• an image sensor comprising a pixel array that senses reflected electromagnetic radiation, wherein the pixel array comprises active pixels and optical black pixels;
• a black clamp providing offset control for data generated by the pixel array;
• and
• a controller comprising a processor in electrical communication with the image sensor and the emitter;
• wherein the plurality of pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter are selected for color imaging and spectral imaging, and wherein at least a portion of the plurality of pulses of electromagnetic radiation comprises:
• a visible pulse comprising a visible wavelength of electromagnetic radiation;
• and
• a spectral pulse comprising a wavelength that elicits a spectral response from a tissue;
• and
• wherein the spectral pulse comprises a first spectral pulse comprising electromagnetic radiation within a waveband from about 900 nm to about 1000 nm and further comprises one or more of:
• a second spectral pulse comprising electromagnetic radiation within a waveband from about 500 nm to about 540 nm;
• or
• a third spectral pulse comprising electromagnetic radiation within a waveband from about 540 nm to about 640 nm.