Bifacial light-harvesting dye-sensitized solar cell

A bifacial light-harvesting dye-sensitized solar cell, comprising:

• a first transparent substrate;
• a second transparent substrate, wherein a receiving space is formed between the second transparent substrate and the first transparent substrate;
• a working electrode disposed on the first transparent substrate and located inside the receiving space;
• exactly three semiconductor layers consisting of a first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer, and a third semiconductor layer, wherein:
• the first semiconductor layer is disposed on the working electrode and located inside the receiving space, wherein the first semiconductor layer has a first thickness and comprises a plurality of first semiconductor particles, and the plurality of first semiconductor particles have a first average particle diameter, wherein the first average particle diameter is between 21 and 25 nm, and the first thickness is between 1 and 2.73 μm;
• the second semiconductor layer is disposed on the first semiconductor layer and located inside the receiving space, wherein the second semiconductor layer has a second thickness and comprises a plurality of second semiconductor particles, and the plurality of second semiconductor particles have a second average particle diameter, wherein the second average particle diameter is between 410 and 450 nm, and the second thickness is between 1 and 2.73 μm;
• and
• the third semiconductor layer is disposed on the second semiconductor layer and located inside the receiving space, wherein the third semiconductor layer has a third thickness and comprises a plurality of third semiconductor particles, and the plurality of third semiconductor particles have a third average particle diameter, wherein the third average particle diameter is between 15 and 18 nm, wherein the third thickness is between 6.51 and 7 μm;
• a counter electrode disposed on the second transparent substrate and located inside the receiving space;
• a light-transmitting catalyst layer disposed on the counter electrode and located inside the receiving space, wherein material of the light-transmitting catalyst layer comprises platinum, and a thickness of the light-transmitting catalyst layer is between 5 and 15 nm;
• and
• a liquid electrolyte filled in the receiving space.