Systems and methods for data acquisition design of source and receiver locations

A computer-implemented method performed by one or more processors for automatically selecting an optimized acquisition plan, the method comprising the following operations:

• obtaining a subsurface model that represents a portion of a subsurface;
• generating a simulated dense wavefield by performing a forward modeling on the subsurface model, the simulated dense wavefield representing a target wavefield;
• generating a set of preliminary acquisition plans according to acquisition plan constraints and the representative subsurface model, each preliminary acquisition plan defining a plurality of surface receivers operable to receive seismic signals;
• subsampling the target dense wavefield using the set of preliminary acquisition plans to produce a set of subsampled wavefields, each of the subsampled wavefields being associated with a particular preliminary acquisition plan;
• reconstructing the set of subsampled wavefields according to a reconstruction scheme to produce a set of reconstructed dense wavefields;
• determining a degree of fidelity for each of the reconstructed dense wavefields by, for each reconstructed wavefield:
• comparing the reconstructed dense wavefield to the target wavefield;
• determining, based on comparing, an energy of a mismatch dataset representing a different between the reconstructed dense wavefield and the target wavefield;
• comparing the energy of the mismatch dataset to a particular percentage of an energy of the target wavefield;
• and
• determining, based on comparing the energy of the mismatch dataset to the particular percentage, whether the reconstructed wavefield satisfies a preselected criterion specifying an optimized acquisition plan;
• and
• selecting a preliminary acquisition plan having a degree of fidelity that satisfies the preselected criterion as the optimized acquisition plan.

An apparatus for selecting an optimized distribution of seismic sources, seismic receivers, or both based on an optimized acquisition plan, the apparatus comprising:

• one or more processors;
• and
• a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium coupled to the one or more processors and storing programming instructions for execution by the one or more processors, the programming instructions instructing the one or more processors to:
• obtain a subsurface model that represents a portion of a subsurface;
• generate a simulated dense wavefield by performing a forward modeling on the subsurface model, the simulated dense wavefield representing a target wavefield;
• generate a set of preliminary acquisition plans according to acquisition plan constraints and the representative subsurface model, each preliminary acquisition plan defining a plurality of surface receivers operable to receive seismic signals;
• subsample the target dense wavefield using the set of preliminary acquisition plans to produce a set of subsampled wavefields, each of the subsampled wavefields being associated with a particular preliminary acquisition plan;
• reconstruct the set of subsampled wavefields according to a reconstruction scheme to produce a set of reconstructed dense wavefields;
• determine a degree of fidelity for each of the reconstructed dense wavefields by, for each reconstructed wavefield:
• comparing the reconstructed dense wavefield to the target wavefield;
• determining, based on comparing, an energy of a mismatch dataset representing a different between the reconstructed dense wavefield and the target wavefield;
• comparing the energy of the mismatch dataset to a particular percentage of an energy of the target wavefield;
• and
• determining, based on comparing the energy of the mismatch dataset to the particular percentage, whether the reconstructed wavefield satisfies a preselected criterion specifying an optimized acquisition plan;
• and
• select a preliminary acquisition plan having a degree of fidelity that satisfies the preselected criterion as the optimized acquisition plan.