Position, navigation, and timing (PNT) methods and systems

A system for providing position, navigation, and timing (PNT) information, the system comprising:

• a transmitter configured to generate a plurality of virtual transmitters to transmit radio-frequency (RF) signals that include PNT information;
• and
• a receiver configured to determine position, navigation, and timing (PNT) information of a target object based on the PNT information,
• wherein the transmitter is configured to generate the plurality of virtual transmitters using a plurality of ionospheric ducts, wherein the transmitter comprises:
• a high-frequency (HF) carrier generator configured to generate an HF carrier signal having a predetermined frequency and amplitude;
• and
• an antenna system configured to transmit the HF carrier signal to generate a subject ionospheric duct.

A transmitter comprising:

• a high-frequency (HF) carrier generator configured to generate an HF carrier signal having a predetermined frequency and amplitude;
• a waveform generator configured to generate a waveform that includes PNT information;
• and
• an antenna system configured to transmit the HF carrier signal to generate a subject ionospheric duct that impacts a predetermined point on earth to generate a virtual transmitter, the antenna system further configured to transmit the waveform through the ionospheric duct which is transmitted to a target object by the virtual transmitter.