Catalytic hydrogen production

A method of producing hydrogen, the method comprising:

• heating a mixture to produce hydrogen, the mixture comprising:
• a synthesized metal component exhibiting a nanostructured surface comprising a plurality of features each independently having dimensions of about 1 nm to about 1,000 nm in length, about 1 nm to about 1,000 nm in height, and about 1 nm to about 1000 nm in thickness,
• water, and
• at least one of carbon dioxide and carbonate;
• wherein the method is conducted in the substantial absence of light during the heating.