Systems and methods for combined periocular direct-illumination and trans-conjunctival and trans-scleral retro-illumination during ophthalmic surgery

A speculum comprising:

• a first speculum arm comprising a first speculum arm blade located at a distal end of the first speculum arm, wherein the first speculum arm blade comprises a first curved structure that is configured to engage with a first eyelid and spread apart the first eyelid;
• a second speculum arm comprising a second speculum arm blade located at a distal end of the second speculum arm, wherein the second speculum arm blade comprises a second curved structure that is configured to engage with a second eyelid and spread apart the second eyelid, wherein a first open portion of the first curved structure and a second open portion of the secure curved structure face in opposite directions from each other;
• a first set of light-emitting elements located on a first surface of the first curved structure, the first surface of the first curved structure touching an eyeball when the speculum is positioned for surgery, the first set of light-emitting elements being configured to provide illumination to one or more areas of an eye structure;
• a second set of light-emitting elements located on a second surface the second curved structure, the second surface of the second curved structure touching the eyeball when the speculum is positioned for surgery, the second set of light-emitting elements being configured to provide illumination to one or more areas of the eye structure;
• and
• a signal carrier running along at least a portion of the first speculum arm and the second speculum arm, the signal carrier having one end configured to connect to a signal source and receive at least one of light and electricity from the signal source, and one or more opposite ends respectively coupled with the first set of light-emitting elements and the second set of light-emitting elements, the signal carrier being configured to transmit the at least one of the light and electricity from the signal source to the first set of light-emitting elements and the second set of light-emitting elements.