Memory system with adaptive threshold decoding and method of operating such memory system

A memory controller, comprising:

• a decoder configured to perform decoding of a codeword comprising a plurality of bits, wherein for a select one of the plurality of bits, which belongs to at least one component codeword of the codeword, at an iteration of decoding, the decoder is configured to:
• perform an initial decision for the select bit;
• initialize syndromes of each component codeword;
• generate initial bit-flipping decision for the select bit, unsatisfied check (USC) information, and channel information by hard decoding;
• bias the channel information of the select bit based on a degree of the select bit;
• compute a reliability indicator of an initial decision, represented by at least one bit, as to whether to flip the select bit based on the initial decision and the biased channel information;
• compare the reliability indicator with an adaptive threshold, which is determined based on the degree of the select bit and the unsatisfied check (USC) information from the initial decision;
• decide whether to flip the select bit based on the compare operation;
• and
• update the initial decision and syndromes of each component codeword to which the select bit belongs based on the compare operation.