Lens-free holographic optical system for high sensitivity label-free microbial growth detection and quantification for screening, identification, and susceptibility testing

An automated system, comprising:

• an automated holographic optical apparatus situated to determine at least antimicrobial susceptibility of a microorganism corresponding to an object in a sample volume based on a detected variation over time of a hologram of the sample volume, an output of at least one deeply supervised convolutional neural network, and a phenotypical behavior of the microorganism, wherein the phenotypical behavior of the microorganism is classified based on the detected variation and the output of the at least one deeply supervised convolutional neural network,
• wherein the holographic optical apparatus is an in-line holographic apparatus and the hologram is an in-line hologram;
• and
• wherein the in-line holographic optical apparatus includes a reference beam source situated to direct a reference beam to the sample volume, a sample receptacle situated to hold the sample volume in view of the reference beam, an optical sensor situated to detect the in-line hologram formed by the reference beam and the sample volume, and a controller coupled to the optical sensor and that includes at least one processor and one or more computer-readable storage media including stored instructions that, responsive to execution by the at least one processor, cause the controller to determine the variation over time of the in-line hologram.