Passive seismic imaging

One or more tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media comprising instructions configured to cause a processor to:

• generate a virtual seismic shot record based at least in part on seismic interferometry of passively acquired seismic data;
• determine a frequency bandwidth of the virtual seismic shot record, wherein the frequency bandwidth comprises a plurality of frequencies;
• transform the virtual seismic shot record into a frequency-dependent seismic shot record based on a first frequency of the plurality of frequencies;
• apply a phase shift to the frequency-dependent seismic shot record to generate a phase-shifted frequency dependent seismic shot record;
• generate a first velocity model from the phase shifted frequency-dependent seismic shot record;
• generate a second velocity model using full-waveform inversion (FWI) based on the first velocity model;
• identify one or more depth slices from the second velocity model;
• and
• generate a seismic image based on the one or more depth slices for use with seismic exploration above a region of subsurface comprising a hydrocarbon reservoir and containing structural features conducive to a presence, migration, or accumulation of hydrocarbons.

A device, comprising:

• a processor configured to:
• generate a virtual seismic shot record based at least in part on seismic interferometry of the passively acquired seismic data;
• determine a frequency bandwidth of the virtual seismic shot record, wherein the frequency bandwidth comprises a plurality of frequencies;
• transform the virtual seismic shot record into a frequency-dependent seismic shot record based on a first frequency of the plurality of frequencies;
• apply a phase shift to the frequency-dependent seismic shot record to generate a phase-shifted frequency dependent seismic shot record;
• generate a first velocity model from the phase shifted frequency-dependent seismic shot record;
• generate a second velocity model using full-waveform inversion (FWI) based on the first velocity model;
• identify one or more depth slices from the second velocity model;
• and
• generate a seismic image based on the one or more depth slices for use with seismic exploration above a region of subsurface comprising a hydrocarbon reservoir and containing structural features conducive to a presence, migration, or accumulation of hydrocarbons.