Nanopore coating for sensing chemical bond formation

A process of monitoring binding events, comprising:

• providing a first reservoir and a second reservoir, wherein the first reservoir and the second reservoir contain an electrically conductive fluid, and wherein the first reservoir and the second reservoir are separated by a membrane that includes a nanopore having an inner surface;
• selecting a target compound;
• preparing a biotin derivative having hydroxamic acid moiety;
• preparing a solution of the biotin derivative;
• adding the solution to the first reservoir;
• establishing a voltage gradient across the membrane;
• electrically monitoring formation of a coating on the inner surface of the nanopore, wherein the coating comprises molecules of the biotin derivative immobilized by adherence of the hydroxamic acid moiety to the inner surface;
• rinsing the membrane with a solvent to remove excess molecules of the biotin derivative;
• adding a solution of the target compound in a conductive liquid to the first chamber;
• establishing a voltage gradient across the membrane;
• and
• electrically monitoring translocation of the target molecule.