Control apparatus for an internal combustion engine

A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine comprising:

• an exhaust gas sensor, the exhaust gas sensor comprising:
• a sensor element arranged in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine, the sensor element including a material that generates an electric current when a temperature of the material included in the sensor element is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature, and generates no electric current when the temperature of the material is less than the predetermined temperature;
• a first electrode on a first side of the sensor element;
• a second electrode on a second side of the sensor element opposite the first side of the sensor element;
• and
• a heater for electrically heating the sensor element;
• a power supply;
• a sensor circuit electrically connected to the power supply and the exhaust gas sensor, the sensor circuit configured to:
• apply a predetermined voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode;
• detect the electric current generated by the sensor element;
• and
• produce an output value, the output value being one of (1) a first value proportional to an air-fuel ratio of an exhaust gas in the exhaust passage based on the electric current when the temperature of the sensor element is at least the predetermined temperature and an output error of the sensor circuit is zero, (2) a second value indicative of the output error of the sensor circuit when the output error of the sensor circuit is greater than zero and the sensor element generates no electric current, or (3) a third value that is equal to zero when the output error of the sensor circuit is zero and the sensor element generates no electric current;
• and
• a controller configured to:
• carry out starting processing to start the internal combustion engine, the starting processing comprising a time period during which the temperature of the sensor element is less than the predetermined temperature;
• control the heater during the time period of the starting processing during which the temperature of the sensor element is less than the predetermined temperature to increase the temperature of the sensor element from a first temperature less than the predetermined temperature to a second temperature less than the predetermined temperature, and to delay the heater from causing the temperature of the sensor element to reach the predetermined temperature until all of a predefined quantity of output values of the sensor circuit are obtained while the temperature of the sensor element is less than the predetermined temperature;
• calculate an average of the predefined quantity of output values of the sensor circuit obtained during the time period of the starting processing during which the temperature of the sensor element is less than the predetermined temperature;
• calculate a zero point learning value of the exhaust gas sensor based on the average of the predefined quantity of output values of the sensor circuit calculated;
• and
• correct the output error of the sensor circuit by using the zero point learning value of the exhaust gas sensor calculated as a zero point of the sensor circuit.