Single-nozzle apparatus for engineered nano-scale electrospray depositions

An apparatus comprising:

• a reservoir to hold at least:
• a first composition comprising:
• a first nano-structural material;
• a plurality of first grain growth inhibitor nano-particles comprising one or more first grain growth inhibitors;
• and
• at least one of:
• a first tailoring solute comprising one or more first tailoring solute materials;
• and/or
• a plurality of first tailoring nano-particles comprising one or more first tailoring nano-particle materials;
• and
• a second composition comprising:
• a second nano-structural material;
• a plurality of second grain growth inhibitor nano-particles comprising one or more second grain growth inhibitors;
• and
• at least one of:
• a second tailoring solute comprising one or more second tailoring solute materials;
• and/or
• a plurality of second tailoring particles comprising one or more second tailoring nano-particle materials;
• a nozzle operatively coupled to the reservoir;
• a stage positioned proximate to the nozzle, the stage adapted to move relative to the nozzle, the stage comprising an object holder adapted to hold an object;
• a surface profile determination device positioned proximate to the stage, the device configured to obtain profile data of the object;
• and
• a control unit operatively coupled to the surface profile determination device and the stage, the control unit configured to regulate manufacture of a pinned nano-structure, including the control unit configured to:
• form a first deposition layer with the first composition, the first layer positioned proximal to the substrate holder;
• and
• form a second deposition layer with the second composition positioned proximal to the substrate holder,
• wherein the reservoir comprises a plurality of concentric walls, and wherein the concentric walls separate the first and second compositions from one another.