Nanopore-based sequencing using voltage mode with hybrid mode stimuli

A system, instrument or device for analyzing a molecule, comprising:

• a voltage source;
• a counter electrode coupled to the voltage source;
• a pre-charging voltage source;
• a capacitor that is configured to connect with the pre-charging voltage source;
• a working electrode that is configured configurable to connect with the pre-charging voltage source;
• and
• a controller configured to:
• control the voltage source to apply a liquid voltage via the counter electrode to an electrolyte on a first side of a membrane, wherein the liquid voltage comprises a tag-reading period with a tag-reading voltage level that is configured to pull a tag of the molecule or a portion of the molecule into a nanopore in the membrane and an open-channel period with an open-channel voltage level that is configured to repel the tag or the portion of the molecule from the nanopore in the membrane;
• connect the pre-charging voltage source to the capacitor and the working electrode on a second side of the membrane during a pre-charging time period, such that the capacitor and the working electrode are charged to a pre-charging voltage;
• disconnect the pre-charging voltage source from the capacitor and the working electrode during the tag-reading period, such that a voltage of the capacitor and a voltage of the working electrode may vary as a current flows through the nanopore in the membrane;
• and
• wherein the pre-charging time period spans across a transition from the open channel period to the tag-reading period;
• and
• a memory coupled to the controller and configured to provide the controller with instructions.