Methods for formation of antenna array from sub-arrays

An antenna array system, comprising:

• a plurality of antenna elements arranged in an antenna array in a geometric shape;
• a first sub-array that forms an interior of the antenna array;
• and
• a second sub-array that forms an exterior of the antenna array,
• wherein the first sub-array is a subset of the second sub-array,
• wherein a number of antenna elements in the first sub-array is greater than a number of antenna elements in the second sub-array, and
• wherein the antenna array system is used to perform a soft hand-off between an outgoing satellite leaving an area with line-of-sight connection to the antenna array system and an incoming satellite entering the area with line-of-sight connection to the antenna array system.