Piezoelectric sensing apparatus and method

A piezoelectric sensor, comprising:

• an integrated circuit comprising:
• a substrate;
• a capacitive element affixed relative to the substrate, the capacitive element comprising piezoelectric material;
• a preconditioning circuit affixed relative to the substrate, the preconditioning circuit configured to establish a polarization of the capacitive element in a polarizing mode;
• and
• signal amplification circuitry affixed relative to the substrate, the signal amplification circuitry configured to provide a piezoelectric-responsive output signal responsive to a charge across the capacitive element in a sensing mode.