Methods and compositions for immunomodulation

A method of inducing immune tolerance in a subject having immune activation in response to an antigen that mediates an autoimmune disease, an inflammatory disease, or an allergic disease, the method comprising:

• administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising a plurality of enucleated erythroid cells, the plurality of enucleated erythroid cells comprising a fusion polypeptide comprising the antigen, or an antigenic fragment thereof,
• wherein the antigen, or the antigenic fragment thereof, of the fusion polypeptide is localized on the surface of the enucleated erythroid cells;
• the fusion polypeptide does not comprise a ligand binding domain;
• the fusion polypeptide was expressed from a transgene introduced into an erythroid cell precursor used to generate the plurality of enucleated erythroid cells, and
• the pharmaceutical composition is administered in an amount and frequency sufficient to mediate the induction of the immune tolerance in the subject.