Hybrid perovskite material processing

A perovskite material prepared by a process comprising the steps of:

• preparing a thin-film precursor ink, wherein preparing the thin-film precursor ink comprises the steps of:
• introducing a lead halide into a first vessel;
• introducing a first solvent to the first vessel;
• contacting the lead halide with the first solvent to dissolve the lead halide to form a lead halide solution;
• introducing a Group 1 metal halide into a second vessel;
• introducing a second solvent into the second vessel;
• and
• contacting the Group 1 metal halide with the second solvent to dissolve the Group 1 metal halide to form a Group 1 metal halide solution;
• contacting the lead halide solution with the Group 1 metal halide solution to form the thin-film precursor ink;
• depositing the thin-film precursor ink onto a substrate;
• drying the thin-film precursor ink to form a thin film;
• annealing the thin film;
• and
• rinsing the thin film with a salt solution comprising a third solvent and a salt selected from the group consisting of methylammonium halide, formamidinium halide, guanidinium halide, ethene tetramine halide, imidazolium halide, 1,2,2-triaminovinyl ammonium halide, and 5-aminovaleric acid hydrohalide.