Substances, vaccines and methods for diagnosing and reducing incidences of transplant rejection

A method of diagnosing an allograft recipient for chronic allograft rejection or being at-risk for developing the same, and administering a treatment to the allograft recipient based upon the diagnosis, the method comprising the steps of:

• measuring an amount of a first natural IgM antibody which binds specifically to phosphorylcholine (IgM anti-PC antibody), within at least one biological sample from an allograft recipient, wherein the at least one biological sample comprises serum;
• comparing the amount of the first natural IgM anti-PC antibody in the at least one biological sample with an amount of the first natural IgM anti-PC antibody in a healthy control sample;
• analyzing the at least one biological sample for a cardiac troponin I biomarker indicative of the presence of fibrin deposits within cardiac allograft microvasculature;
• comparing an amount of the cardiac troponin I biomarker in the at least one biological sample with an amount of cardiac troponin 1 biomarker in the healthy control sample;
• wherein i) a decrease in the amount of the first natural IgM anti-PC antibody in the at least one biological sample from the allograft recipient, as compared to the amount of the first natural IgM anti-PC antibody in the healthy control sample;
• and ii) an elevated amount of the cardiac troponin I biomarker in the at least one biological sample from the allograft recipient, as compared to an amount of the cardiac troponin I biomarker in the healthy control sample;
• indicates the diagnosis of the allograft recipient being either at-risk for or experiencing chronic allograft rejection;
• and
• administering a treatment to the allograft recipient based on the diagnosis, the treatment comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a phosphorylcholine composition sufficient to initiate the production of anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies and enhance an antibody mediated innate immune response in the allograft recipient following administration thereto;
• and
• wherein administering the treatment induces alternative M2 anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization in the allograft recipient if the amount of the first natural IgM anti-PC antibody within the at least one biological sample is less than a threshold amount within the healthy control sample.