Fuel cell including a carrier-metal nanoparticle complex and method of manufacturing same

A method of manufacturing a fuel cell, the method comprising:

• preparing an electrolyte membrane;
• forming a cathode on one surface of the electrolyte membrane;
• and
• forming an anode on the other surface of the electrolyte membrane,
• wherein at least one of the cathode and the anode includes a carrier-metal nanoparticle complex where metal nanoparticles including one or more bowl-type particles including a first metal and a second metal are carried in a carrier,
• wherein:
• the bowl-type particles are hollow, and comprise a non-continuous shell with a region in the shell from 30% to 80% of the entire shell where the shell is not formed, wherein the shell comprises:
• a) a layer comprising the first metal and the second metal, wherein the the first metal and the second metal are uniformly or non-uniformly mixed;
• or
• b) a first layer comprising the first metal and a second layer comprising the second metal.