Permanent magnet, and motor and generator using the same

A permanent magnet comprising:

• a composition represented by a composition formula:
• R(FepMqCurCt(Co100-aAa)1-p-q-r-t)z
• wherein R is at least one element selected from the group consisting of rare-earth elements, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr and Hf, A is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni, V, Cr, Mn, Al, Si, Ga, Nb, Ta, and W, p is a number, which is an atomic ratio, satisfying 0.27≤p≤0.45, q is a number, which is an atomic ratio, satisfying 0.01≤q≤0.05, r is a number, which is an atomic ratio, satisfying 0.01≤r≤0.1, t is a number, which is an atomic ratio, satisfying 0.002≤t≤0.03, z is a number, which is an atomic ratio, satisfying 6≤r≤9, and a is 20 atomic % or less;
• and
• a metallic structure including a main phase containing a Th2Zn17 crystal phase, and a sub phase of the element M having an element M concentration of 30 atomic % or more and containing carbide of element M,
• wherein the sub phase precipitates in the metallic structure, and a ratio of a circumferential length to a precipitated area of the sub phase is 2 or more and 9.2 or less, and a number of precipitates per a unit area, which is 50 mm×50 mm, of the sub phase is two or more.