Method and system for physiological target localization from macroelectrode recordings and monitoring spinal cord function

A system comprising:

• a macroelectrode recording electrode and drive;
• at least one stimulator;
• at least one processor in communication with the macroelectrode recording electrode and the at least one stimulator;
• and
• a non-transitory computer readable medium in communication with the at least one processor and having one or more computer programs stored thereon that when executed by the at least one processor cause the system to perform the operations of:
• stimulating for a first time, with the at least one stimulator, a patient's peripheral nervous system;
• recording, with the macroelectrode recording electrode, a field potential evoked from the first stimulation;
• calculating the evoked potential from the first stimulation;
• advancing, by controlling the drive, the macroelectrode recording electrode;
• stimulating for a second time, with the at least one stimulator, the patient's peripheral nervous system;
• recording, with the macroelectrode recording electrode, a field potential evoked from the second stimulation;
• calculating the evoked potential from the second stimulation;
• determining, based at least in part on the field potential evoked from the first stimulation and the field potential evoked from the second stimulation, a distance r from the macroelectrode recording electrode to a source of a largest evoked potential in a plane orthogonal to a long axis of the macroelectrode;
• determining whether r is less than a predetermined threshold Y;
• and
• wherein the predetermined threshold Y is a radius of an effective volume of tissue activation with an intended therapeutic brain stimulation for an intended target of the brain stimulation.

A method of planning a trajectory for an implantable medical device in a brain of a patient, comprising:

• inserting a macroelectrode recording electrode within a portion of the patient's central nervous system;
• stimulating the patient's peripheral nervous system and the patient's visual system;
• recording first evoked potential data within the patient's brain using the macroelectrode recording electrode;
• stimulating, for a second time, the patient's peripheral nervous system and the patient's visual system;
• recording second evoked potential data with the patient's brain using the macroelectrode recording electrode;
• applying, using at least one processor, a deconvolution algorithim to the first and second evoked potential data to determine a distance from the macroelectrode recording electrode to a source of evoked potential in a plane orthogonal to a long axis of the macroelectrode recording electrode;
• and
• determining, using at least one processor, whether the distance is greater than or less than a threshold, wherein the threshold is a radius of an effective volume of tissue activation with an intended therapeutic brain stimulation for an intended target of the brain stimulation.

A system comprising:

• a macroelectrode recording electrode;
• a drive configured to move the macroelectrode recording electrode;
• at least one stimulator;
• at least one processor in communication with the macroelectrode recording electrode, the drive, and the at least one stimulator;
• and
• a non-transitory computer readable medium in communication with the at least one processor and having one or more computer programs stored thereon that when executed by the at least one processor cause the system to perform the operations of:
• recording, with the macroelectrode recording electrode, a first field potential evoked from a first stimulation of a patient's peripheral nervous system;
• calculating a first evoked potential from the first stimulation;
• advancing, with the drive, the macroelectrode recording electrode;
• recording, with the macroelectrode recording electrode, a second field potential evoked from a second stimulation of the patient's peripheral nervous system;
• calculating a second evoked potential from the second stimulation;
• determining, based on at least the first evoked potential and the second evoked potential, a distance r from the macroelectrode recording electrode to a source a largest evoked potential in a plane orthogonal to a long axis of the macroelectrode;
• determining whether r is less than a predetermined threshold Y, and
• wherein the predetermined threshold Y is a radius of an effective volume of tissue activation with an intended therapeutic brain stimulation for an intended target of the brain stimulation.