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US 10,371,754 B2Granted
Systems and methods for real-time estimation of capacity of a rechargeable battery
AssigneeCPS Technology Holdings LLC
InventorsQingzhi Guo, Christian Kuper, Timur L. Aliyev, Zhihong H. Jin
Life of this patent
Estimating the term…
Abstract
A battery system includes a battery that couples to an electrical system. The battery system also includes a battery control module that electrically couples to the battery. The battery control module monitors at least one monitored parameter of the battery, and the battery control module recursively calculates a first capacity estimation of the battery using two linear regression models based on at least an equivalent circuit model, the at least one monitored parameter, and a Kalman filter.
Claims20
An automotive vehicle comprising:
- a battery, wherein the battery comprises a plurality of battery cells;
- an electrical system comprising an electrical generator configured to, in operation, generate electrical power and an electrical load configured to operate using electrical power;
- a relay electrically coupled between the plurality of battery cells and the electrical system;
- one or more sensors configured to measure a plurality of battery parameter sets during operation of the battery, wherein each battery parameter set of the plurality of battery parameter sets comprises a terminal voltage and a terminal current;
- and
- one or more control modules communicatively coupled to the relay and the one or more sensors, wherein the one or more control modules are configured to:
- determine a first Kalman filter based at least in part on a first relationship between the terminal voltage and the terminal current of the battery with an open circuit voltage of the battery, an ohmic resistance of the battery, and a charge transfer resistance of the battery;
- determine a second Kalman filter based at least in part on a second relationship between capacity of the battery, a change in state of charge of the battery, and an accumulative ampere-hour throughput of the battery during the change in the state of charge;
- determine a plurality of estimated open circuit voltages by executing the first Kalman filter based at least in part on each battery parameter set of the plurality of battery parameter sets;
- determine a plurality of estimated states of charge each corresponding with one of the plurality of estimated open circuit voltages based at least in part on a third relationship between the state of charge and the open circuit voltage of the battery;
- determine the capacity of the battery based at least in part on execution of the second Kalman filter using each estimated state of charge of the plurality of estimated states of charge;
- and
- control charging of the battery, discharging of the battery, or both based at least in part on the capacity of the battery by:
- instructing the relay to switch to, maintain, or both a connected state to enable the electrical generator to charge the battery, the battery to discharge electrical power to the electrical load, or both;
- and
- instructing the relay to switch to, maintain, or both a disconnected state to block the electrical generator from charging the battery and the battery from discharging to the electrical load.
13 more elements
A method comprising:
- receiving, using one or more processors implemented in a vehicle, a plurality of battery parameter sets measured by one or more sensors during operation of a battery implemented in the vehicle, wherein each battery parameter set of the plurality of battery parameter sets comprises a terminal voltage and a terminal current;
- determining, using the one or more processors, a first Kalman filter based at least in part on a first relationship between the terminal voltage and the terminal current of the battery with an open circuit voltage of the battery, an ohmic resistance of the battery, and a charge transfer resistance of the battery;
- determining, using the one or more processors, a second Kalman filter based at least in part on a second relationship between capacity of the battery, a change in state of charge of the battery, and an accumulative ampere-hour throughput of the battery during the change in the state of charge;
- determining, using the one or more processors, a plurality of estimated open circuit voltages by executing the first Kalman filter based at least in part on each battery parameter set of the plurality of battery parameter sets;
- determining, using the one or more processors, a plurality of estimated states of charge each corresponding with one of the plurality of estimated open circuit voltages based at least in part on a third relationship between the state of charge and the open circuit voltage of the battery;
- determining, using the one or more processors, the capacity of the battery based at least in part on execution of the second Kalman filter using each estimated state of charge of the plurality of estimated states of charge;
- and
- controlling, using the one or more processors, charging of the battery, discharging of the battery, or both based at least in part on the capacity of the battery, wherein controlling charging of the battery, discharging of the battery, or both comprises:
- instructing a relay electrically coupled between the battery and an electrical system implemented in the vehicle to switch to, maintain, or both a connected state to enable the electrical system to charge the battery, the battery to discharge electrical power to the electrical system, or both;
- and
- instructing the relay to switch to, maintain, or both a disconnected state to block the electrical system from charging the battery and the battery from discharging to the electrical system.
8 more elements
A tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing instruction executable by one or more processors, wherein the instructions comprise instructions to:
- receive, using the one or more processors, a plurality of battery parameter sets measured by one or more sensors during operation of a battery, wherein the plurality of battery parameter sets comprises:
- a first battery parameter set measured at a first time, wherein the first battery parameter set comprises a first terminal voltage of the battery and a first terminal current of the battery;
- and
- a second battery parameter set measured at a second time after the first time, wherein the second battery parameter set comprises a second terminal voltage of the battery and a second terminal current of the battery;
- determine, using the one or more processors, whether the battery is relaxed at the first time based at least in part on the first battery parameter set and whether the battery is relaxed at the second time based at least in part on the second battery parameter set;
- when the battery is relaxed at the first time and at the second time:
- determine, using the one or more processors, a first state of charge of the battery present at the first time by mapping the first terminal voltage based on a first relationship between state of charge and open circuit voltage of the battery;
- determine, using the one or more processors, a second state of charge of the battery present at the second time by mapping the second terminal voltage based on the first relationship between state of charge and open circuit voltage of the battery;
- determine, using the one or more processors, an accumulative ampere-hour throughput of the battery between the first time and the second time based at least in part on one or more of the plurality of battery parameter sets measured between the first time and the second time;
- and
- determine, using the one or more processors, capacity of the battery based at least in part on the accumulative ampere-hour throughput of the battery between the first time and the second time and a difference between the first state of charge of the battery and the second state of charge of the battery;
- and
- control, using the one or more processors, charging of the battery, discharging of the battery, or both based at least in part on the capacity of the battery by:
- instructing a relay electrically coupled between the battery and an electrical system to switch to, maintain, or both a connected state to enable the electrical system to charge the battery, the battery to discharge electrical power to the electrical system, or both;
- and
- instructing the relay to switch to, maintain, or both a disconnected state to block the electrical system from charging the battery and the battery from discharging to the electrical system.
13 more elements
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.