Sonochemical coating of textiles with metal oxide nanoparticles for antimicrobial fabrics

A method, comprising:

• immersing a surface in a mixture of metal acetate (M(AC)2) added to water;
• adjusting a pH of the mixture to a range of about 8-10;
• and
• ultrasonically irradiating the mixture via ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic waves
• (i) sonochemically causing bubbles to form in the mixture;
• and
• (ii) sonochemically causing the bubbles to collapse,
• wherein the collapsing of the bubbles:
• create metal oxide (MO) nanoparticles from the M(AC)2;
• and
• form microjets near the surface that embed the MO nanoparticles into the surface.

A method, comprising:

• immersing a surface in a liquid mixture comprising metal acetate (M(AC)2);
• adjusting a pH of the mixture to a range of about 8-10;
• and
• ultrasonically irradiating the mixture via ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic waves
• (i) sonochemically causing bubbles to form in the mixture;
• and
• (ii) sonochemically causing the bubbles to collapse,
• wherein the collapsing of the bubbles:
• create metal oxide (MO) nanoparticles from the M(AC)2;
• and
• form microjets near the surface that embed the MO nanoparticles into the surface.

A method, comprising:

• immersing a surface in a mixture comprising metal oxide (MO) nanoparticles;
• adjusting a pH of the mixture to a range of about 8-10;
• and
• ultrasonically irradiating the mixture via ultrasonic waves at a frequency of approximately 20 kHz, the ultrasonic waves
• (i) sonochemically causing bubbles to form in the mixture;
• and
• (ii) sonochemically causing the bubbles to collapse,
• wherein the collapsing of the bubbles form microjets near the surface that embed MO nanoparticles in the mixture onto the surface.

A method, comprising:

• immersing a surface in a mixture comprising metal acetate (M(AC)2);
• forming metal oxide (MO) nanoparticles by adjusting a pH of the mixture to a range of about 8-10;
• and
• ultrasonically irradiating the mixture via ultrasonic waves at a frequency of approximately 20 kHz, the ultrasonic waves
• (i) sonochemically causing bubbles to form in the mixture;
• and
• (ii) sonochemically causing the bubbles to collapse,
• wherein the collapsing of the bubbles form microjets near the surface that embed the MO nanoparticles into the surface.

A method, comprising:

• immersing a surface in a mixture comprising metal acetate M(AC)2;
• adjusting a pH of the mixture to a range of about 8-10;
• and
• sonochemically forming bubbles in the mixture by ultrasonically irradiating the mixture with ultrasonic waves at a frequency of approximately 20 kHz;
• and
• sonochemically causing the bubbles to collapse so as to form microjets near the surface, the microjets embedding MO nanoparticles in the mixture onto the surface.