Surface modification by polymer anchoring on porous substrates

A method, comprising:

• (a) depositing a polymeric material comprising individual polymer chains over a porous substrate, wherein each individual polymer chain has a first end and at least one end opposite to the first end;
• (b) promoting flow of the polymeric material into pores on a top portion of the porous substrate, wherein (i) the first end of the individual polymer chains mechanically anchors to a pore of the porous substrate, (ii) the at least one opposite end of the individual polymer chains extends from the surface of the porous substrate, and further wherein the polymeric material is not chemically bonded to pore walls of the porous substrate;
• and
• (c) removing, from the top portion of the porous substrate, a portion of the polymeric material, thereby removing individual polymer chains that are not mechanically anchored to a pore of the porous substrate.