Peer-to-peer communication of non-common data

A first peer device comprising:

• a physical interface configured to exchange signals via a communication network;
• a physical processor communicatively coupled to the physical interface, the physical processor configured to:
• receive, via the physical interface, a first metadata comprising a common identifier having a one-to-one relationship with a common data piece of a data entity, the common data piece being common to the first peer device, a second peer device, and a third peer device;
• receive, via the physical interface, a second metadata, distinct from the first metadata, the second metadata comprising one or more non-common identifiers, each of the one or more non-common identifiers having a one-to-one relationship with a non-common data piece of the data entity that is common to a group of peer devices comprising the first peer device and excluding the third peer device;
• receive, via the physical interface, a third identifier from the second peer device;
• determine whether the second peer device is comprised in the group of peer devices based on whether the third identifier is comprised in the one or more non-common identifiers.