Alkali metal ion battery using alkali metal conductive ceramic separator

A battery comprising:

• a first electrode comprising a first metal that is electrochemically oxidized during discharge of the battery to form first metal ions, wherein the first metal is not an alkali metal;
• a second electrode comprising an oxidized material that is electrochemically reduced by the first metal of the first electrode during discharge of the battery;
• an alkali-ion conductive, substantially non-porous separator disposed between the first and second electrode, wherein the separator selectively conducts alkali metal ions as charge carriers in the battery, and wherein the separator does not conduct first metal ions and does not conduct ions of the oxidized material that is electrochemically reduced;
• a first electrolyte contacting the first electrode, the first electrolyte comprising:
• a first solvent which is non-reactive with the first metal;
• and a salt of an alkali metal ion that is at least partially soluble in the first solvent;
• a second electrolyte contacting the second electrode, wherein the second electrolyte comprises a second solvent that at least partially dissolves an alkali metal salt that forms as the oxidized material is electrochemically reduced.