Fuel cell device

A fuel cell device, comprising:

• an anode and cathode in opposing relation with an electrolyte therebetween;
• a first porous ceramic layer adjacent the anode;
• a second porous ceramic layer adjacent the cathode, wherein the first porous ceramic layer, anode, electrolyte, cathode and second porous ceramic layer form a five-layer active structure;
• a fuel passage adjacent the first porous ceramic layer for supplying fuel to the active structure;
• an air passage adjacent the second porous ceramic layer for supplying air to the active structure, wherein the first and second porous ceramic layers have a porosity configured to permit transport of the fuel and air from the respective fuel and air passage to the respective anode and cathode;
• and
• an inactive surrounding support structure monolithic with the electrolyte and the first and second porous ceramic layers, wherein the inactive surrounding support structure lacks the anode and cathode in opposing relation, the five-layer active structure resides within the inactive surrounding support structure, and the inactive surrounding support structure, the electrolyte and the first and second porous ceramic layers consist of the same type of ceramic material with the same or different porosity.