Authentication method, device and system for quantum key distribution process

An authentication device for a quantum key distribution (QKD) process, the device comprising a central processing unit and memory, the memory comprising program modules comprising:

• a quantum state sending unit configured to select a basis for preparing authentication information according to an algorithm in a preset algorithms library, and to send quantum states of control information and data information according to a preset information format over different wavelengths to an opposite-end device involved in the QKD process, respectively, wherein the data information comprises authentication information and randomly generated key information;
• a response information receiving unit configured to receive reverse authentication information returned by the opposite-end device;
• a local authentication information generating unit configured to generate local authentication information according to the received reverse authentication information;
• a sender authentication determining unit configured to determine whether the local authentication information is consistent with the reverse authentication information;
• and
• a distribution process terminating unit configured to terminate the QKD process when the local authentication information is not consistent with the reverse authentication information,
• wherein the device is deployed on a sender quantum communication device involved in the QKD process.

An authentication device for a quantum key distribution (QKD) process deployed in a receiver in the QKD process, the device comprising a central processing unit and memory, the memory comprising program modules comprising:

• a quantum state receiving unit configured to receive quantum states of control information and of data information sent by an opposite-end device involved in the QKD process according to a present information format over different wavelengths, and to discriminate various received information quantum states;
• a quantum state measuring unit configured to select a basis of measurement according to an algorithm pre-selected by the opposite-end device from a preset algorithms library, and to apply the basis of measurement to a quantum state of authentication information;
• a receiver authentication determining unit configured to determine whether the quantum state of the authentication information is consistent with the selected algorithm;
• a reverse authentication information sending unit configured to send reverse authentication information to authenticate a receiver quantum communication device to the opposite-end device;
• and
• a distribution process terminating unit, configured to terminate the QKD process when the quantum state of the authentication information is not consistent with the selected algorithm.