Class of nanomaterial-based tunable antennas

An antenna structure comprising:

• a substrate;
• two Archimedean spiral arm radiating elements having corresponding antenna feed points at a center of the spiral arm radiating elements and being configured on the substrate;
• and
• a plurality of spaced apart nanomaterial-based phase changing material (PCM) switches configured in both of the radiating elements so that current flowing through the radiating elements selectively passes through the PCM switches, each PCM switch including a resistive heating device being operable to selectively heat the phase changing material to switch the PCM switch between a crystalline on state and an amorphous off state, where the PCM switch remains in the particular state when the heat is removed.

A linear dipole antenna array having circular polarization comprising:

• a substrate;
• a first spiral radiating element including a plurality of electrically coupled patch elements and a second spiral radiating element including a plurality of electrically coupled patch elements;
• and
• a plurality of spaced apart nanomaterial-based phase changing material (PCM) switches configured to electrically couple the patch antenna elements so that current flowing through the patch antenna elements selectively passes through the PCM switches, each PCM switch including a resistive heating device being operable to selectively heat the phase changing material to switch the PCM switch between a crystalline on state and an amorphous off state, where the PCM switch remains in the particular state when the heat is removed.