Bipolar battery and plate

A bipolar battery, comprising

• a plurality of plates positioned next to each other, each plate having,
• a frame;
• a substrate positioned within the frame having
• a plurality of perforations, and
• a plurality of standoffs integrally formed on opposing side surfaces thereof;
• a first lead layer positioned on one side of the substrate;
• a second lead layer positioned on another side of the substrate, the first and second lead layer electrically connected to each through the plurality of perforations;
• a positive active material (PAM) positioned on a surface of the first lead layer;
• a negative active material (NAM) positioned on a surface of the second lead layer;
• a pair of terminal sections positioned on opposite ends of the stacked plurality of bipolar plates;
• and
• an electrolyte positioned between each of the plurality of bipolar plates and the pair of terminal sections.