Image forming apparatus and cartridge having charging roller

An image forming apparatus comprising:

• a rotatable photosensitive member having a value, obtained by dividing an elastic deformation work amount by an entire work amount, of 47% or more;
• a charging roller including an elastic layer and configured to electrically charge said photosensitive member under application of only a DC voltage, wherein said charging roller forms a nip with elastic deformation along the surface of said photosensitive member by being urged against said photosensitive member with a predetermined urging force, and in the nip, a surface of said charging roller and the surface of said photosensitive member are in contact to each other at a plurality of independent contact portions;
• and
• an image forming portion configured to form a toner image on said photosensitive member charged by said charging roller,
• wherein when a nip region corresponding to the nip is formed by urging the charging roller against a measuring contact member with the predetermined urging force and then an area of a plurality of independent contact portions at which the surface of said charging member and the measuring contact member are in contact to each other is measured, the following relationship is satisfied:
• (Contact width X) (mm)×(Contact area ratio α)≤0.1 (mm),
• where a length from a position of one end to a position of the other end of the nip region with respect to a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of said charging roller is the contact width X, and a ratio of a sum of areas (mm2) of the independent contact portions to an entire area (mm2) of a measuring region in which the independent contact portions are provided is the contact area ratio α,
• wherein the measuring region is a rectangular region in which one edge has a unit length (mm) extending in the longitudinal direction of said charging member and another edge has the contact width X (mm) extending in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of said charging roller and which falls within the nip region.