Solid-state shear stress sensors with high selectivity

A sensor system, comprising:

• a substrate;
• a first layer of sensing material disposed on a first surface of the substrate;
• and
• at least three electrodes forming a first electrode pair and a second electrode pair, wherein the at least three electrodes comprise a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode, wherein the first electrode is disposed in a first plane on a first surface of the sensing material, wherein the second electrode and the third electrode are disposed in a second plane on the first surface of the substrate, wherein the first and second planes are associated with a first direction that is substantially parallel to the first surface of the substrate, wherein the first and second electrodes are at least partially offset in the first direction, and wherein the first and third electrodes are at least partially offset in the first direction;
• wherein a first polarization is induced between or across the first and second electrodes, wherein the first polarization induces a first polarization vector, wherein the first polarization vector has a direction substantially parallel to a third plane defined by the first and second electrodes;
• and
• wherein the sensor system is configured to generate an output signal in response to a shear stress within the sensing material.

A sensor system, comprising:

• a substrate;
• a first layer of sensing material disposed on a first surface of the substrate;
• and
• at least three electrodes forming a first electrode pair and a second electrode pair, wherein the at least three electrodes comprise a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode, wherein the first electrode is disposed in a first plane, wherein the second electrode and the third electrode are disposed in a second plane, wherein the first and second planes are associated with a first direction that is substantially parallel to a first surface of the substrate, wherein the first and second electrodes are at least partially offset in the first direction, and wherein the first and third electrodes are at least partially offset in the first direction;
• and
• wherein a first polarization is induced between or across the first and second electrodes, wherein the first polarization induces a first polarization vector, wherein the first polarization vector has a direction substantially parallel to a third plane defined by the first and second electrodes.