Materials that include conch shell structures, methods of making conch shell structures, and devices for storing energy

A structure, comprising:

• a nanocomposite structure including nano-CaCO3 lamina with crystalline orientations sandwiched between layers of a biopolymer matrix, where the nanocomposite structure is obtained from a conch shell having predetermined dimensions and the nanocomposite structure has one or more characteristics selected from the following:
• a remanent electrical polarization of about 2 to 4 kμCcm−2, a relative dielectric constant of about 80 to 300 at a frequency of about 100 Hz and a relative dielectric constant of about 13 to 19 at about 1 MHz;
• and a remanent polarization of about 3000 to 3200 μCcm−2 at 3.1 mHz and a remanent polarization of about 2050 to 2250 μCcm−2 at 0.01Hz;
• and
• a pair of electrodes attached to the nanocomposite structure.