Renewable bioelectronic interface for electrobiocatalytic reactor

A method comprising:

• producing a bioelectronic device comprising bonding a bioelectronic interface to a surface of an electrically conductive carbon electrode, wherein the bioelectronics interface is configured to regenerate, the bioelectronic interface including a catalytically active material that facilitates electron transfer, the catalytically active material configured to be releasably and electrostatically bound directly or indirectly to the surface via a polyelectrolyte, wherein the polyelectrolyte is configured to be removably and electrostatically bound to a non-thiol ionic linker that is covalently bound to a carbon atom at the surface.