Metal substrate for dye-sensitized solar cell

A metal substrate made of only metal for a dye-sensitized solar cell, comprising a three-layer clad material consisting of:

• a nonporous first metal layer, arranged on an anode side of a dye-sensitized solar cell element, made of a metal having corrosion resistance against an electrolyte of said dye-sensitized solar cell element, a thickness of said nonporous first metal layer is at least 20 μm,
• a second metal layer made of a metal having lower electrical resistance than said nonporous first metal layer and bonded to a side of said nonporous first metal layer opposite to said dye-sensitized solar cell element, and
• a third metal layer bonded to a side opposite to said nonporous first metal layer being in direct contact with said second metal layer, wherein
• said nonporous first metal layer is made of Ti,
• said second metal layer is made of Cu,
• said third metal layer is made of ferritic stainless steel containing at least about 16% and not more than about 18% of Cr,
• wherein the metal substrate further comprises a catalyst layer formed on a substrate surface of said nonporous first metal layer closer to said dye-sensitized solar cell element,
• the thickness of said nonporous first metal layer and a thickness of said third metal layer are substantially identical to each other, and
• a ratio of a surface area to a plane area on said substrate surface of said nonporous first metal layer closer to said dye-sensitized solar cell element is at least 1.05.