Quaternized nitrogen compounds and use thereof as additives in fuels and lubricants

A fuel composition comprising, in a majority amount of a customary fuel, a proportion of at least one reaction product comprising a quaternized nitrogen compound, or a fraction thereof comprising a quaternized nitrogen compound, and being obtained from said reaction product by purification, said reaction product being obtainable by

• a) reacting a hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid compound with a compound comprising at least one oxygen or nitrogen group capable of addition or condensation or otherwise reactive, with the polycarboxylic acid, and comprising at least one quaternizable amino group, to obtain a quaternizable hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid compound,
• and
• b) subsequent reaction thereof with a quaternizing agent which converts the at least one quaternizable amino group to a quaternary ammonium group, said quaternizing agent being the alkyl ester of a cycloaromatic or cycloaliphatic mono- or polycarboxylic acid, or of an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid;
• or said reaction product being obtainable by
• reacting a quaternizable hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid compound comprising at least one quaternizable amino group with a quaternizing agent which converts the at least one quaternizable amino group to a quaternary ammonium group, said quaternizing agent being the alkyl ester of a cycloaromatic or cycloaliphatic mono- or polycarboxylic acid, or of an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid,
• wherein said compound comprising at least one oxygen or nitrogen group capable of addition or condensation or otherwise reactive, with the polycarboxylic acid, and comprising at least one quaternizable amino group is selected from the group consisting of aromatic or nonaromatic heterocycles having one primary and one tertiary amino group and aromatic or nonaromatic heterocycles having a tertiary amino group and a hydroxyalkyl group.