Kappa opioid ligands

A method of treating a patient having a condition, wherein the condition is one or more of an affective disorder, an addictive disorder, alcoholism, epilepsy, a cognition deficiency, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, or pain, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the following formula:

• wherein
• Y is H, halo, (C1-C6)alkyl, or (C3-C9)cycloalkyl;
• Z is heteroaryl;
• W and X taken together with the atoms to which they are bonded form a fused cycloalkyl or aryl, either of which can be mono- or independently multi-substituted with (C1-C6)alkyl, (C3-C9)cycloalkyl, halo, nitro, NRaRb, N(Ra)C(═O)(C1-C6)alkyl, CO2R, or heteroaryl;
• wherein any alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl of W, X, Y, or Z, can be unsubstituted or can be mono- or independently multi-substituted with (C1-C6)alkyl, (C3-C9)cycloalkyl, halo, nitro, NRaRb, N(Ra)C(═O)(C1-C6)alkyl, CO2R, or heteroaryl;
• Ra and Rb are each independently H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, or heterocyclylalkyl, wherein any alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, or heterocyclylalkyl, is substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 independently selected J, and wherein any heterocyclyl or cycloalkyl is mono-, bi-, or tri-cyclic;
• or Ra and Rb together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded form a heterocyclyl ring substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 independently selected J;
• n=0, 1, or 2;
• and
• J is independently at each occurrence OR, (C1-C6)alkyl, hydroxy(C1-C6)alkyl, (C3-C9)cycloalkyl, CO2R, or halo;
• wherein each independently selected R is H, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C3-C9)cycloalkyl, (C6-C10)aryl, or (C6-C10)aryl(C1-C6)alkyl;
• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.