1. A flexible catalytic converter apparatus, for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, comprising: a vibration decoupling flexible

1. A flexible connector apparatus, for flexibly connecting first and second components of a fluid conduit system, comprising: a monolithically formed

at each of its ends, in which at least one connector presents at least one circular corrugation ridge for the absorption of vibrations

1. A method for manufacturing a flexible connector apparatus, for connecting first and second components of a fluid conduit system, such as an exhaust

1. An internal combustion engine exhaust cooling and removal apparatus, including: a heat exchange assembly connected to an exhaust pipe of an

1. A vibration decoupling connector apparatus, for connecting first and second components of a fluid conduit system, comprising: a mounting member

1. A flexible connector system in combination with an exhaust manifold for an internal combustion engine, comprising: an engine manifold, having at

1. An exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine, which is mounted in a hybrid vehicle including the internal combustion engine

1. An exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine, comprising: an exhaust pipe connected to the internal combustion engine; a

function of a setpoint mass air flow and an actual mass air flow; determining by a decoupling unit a decoupling mass flow in an exhaust gas tract

combustion engine; and a diffusion protrusion provided in the merging portion, wherein the internal combustion engine includes a plurality of

1. A vibration decoupling connector apparatus, for connecting first and second components of a fluid conduit system, comprising: a mounting member

1. An exhaust gas apparatus of an internal combustion engine, provided with an exhaust gas pipe at the downstream side of an internal combustion

1. An internal combustion engine exhaust system supporting structure having an exhaust passage that extends from an internal combustion engine to the

1. An exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine, comprising: a path switching means for introducing exhaust gas from the

1. An exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine, comprising: ammonia generating means, provided in an exhaust system of said

from an internal-combustion engine in an exhaust gas passage of the internal-combustion engine, along flow of said exhaust gas, at an upstream side of

a predetermined position in the exhaust path during operation of the internal combustion engine, determine whether the exhaust temperature or a

1. A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine comprising: a catalyst that is arranged in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion

the internal combustion engine; an exhaust pipe which is provided on a downstream side of an exhaust flow from the exhaust manifold; a connection