Molecular rheostat for cofactor balance

A recombinant, artificial or engineered metabolic pathway comprising a plurality of enzymatic steps, that converts a substrate to a product wherein the metabolic pathway comprises:

• a non-naturally occurring molecular rheostat system in which two distinct cofactor-dependent enzymatic pathways convert a first metabolite in the metabolic pathway glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) to a downstream the second metabolite within the metabolic pathwayand wherein the distinct cofactor dependent enzymatic pathways produce different intermediate metabolites using a first distinct cofactor,
• wherein the first distinct enzymatic pathwayprovides an enzyme that directly converts the first metabolite to the downstream second metabolite converts glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) and NADP+ to 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) and NADPH, and
• wherein the second distinct enzymatic pathwayprovides a plurality of enzymes that converts the first metabolite to the downstream second metabolite converts glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), NADP+, and free phosphate (Pi) to 1,3-biphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) and converts 1,3-bisphophoglycerate (1,3-BPG) and ADP to 3-phosphoglycerate and ATP,
• wherein the non-naturally occurring molecular rheostat alternates between or simultaneously uses the two distinct cofactor-dependent enzymatic pathways for the production of the downstream second metabolite depending upon the availability of a second distinct cofactor free phosphate.